‘SI is proud to have SI Expert and Senior Associate, Dr. Barry Dooley presenting at the HRSG Forum on August 19that 11 am (EST).
TOPIC: Introduction to the Key Cycle Chemistry Features for HRSG Reliability
The basic rules for providing optimum cycle chemistry control for HRSGs will be outlined. The latest statistics from over 100 HRSG plants worldwide will show how the lack of basic cycle chemistry controls leads to the major failure/damage mechanisms. The following two presentations will provide information on what is acceptable for the two top situations involving monitoring iron and continuous instrumentation.
Structural Integrity’s Own, Andy Coughlin published by American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE
Andy Coughlin’s work has been published in the ASCE Structural Design for Physical Security: State of the Practice. The Task Committee on Structural Design prepared the publication for Physical Security of the Blast, Shock, and Impact Committee of the Dynamic Effects Technical Administration Committee of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE. Andy wrote Chapter 10 on Testing and Certification for Physical Security and assisted on several other chapters.
Structural Design for Physical Security, MOP 142, provides an overview of the typical design considerations encountered in new construction and renovation of facilities for physical security. The constant change in threat tactics and types has led to the need for physical security designs that account for these new considerations and anticipate the environment of the future, with flexibility and adaptability being priorities. This Manual of Practice serves as a replacement for the 1999 technical report Structural Design for Physical Security: State of the Practice and is intended to provide a roadmap for designers and engineers involved in physical security. It contains references to other books, standards, and research.
Topics include
Threat determination and available assessment and criteria documents,
Methods by which structural loadings are derived for the determined threats,
Function and selection of structural systems,
Design of structural components,
Function and selection of window and facade components,
Specific considerations for retrofitting structures,
Testing methodologies, and
Bridge security.
This book will be a valuable resource to structural engineers and design professionals involved with projects that have physical security concerns related to explosive, ballistic, forced entry, and hostile vehicle threats.
Of particular note is the publication of the process by which products can be tested and certified to achieve physical security performance in blast, ballistics, forced entry, and vehicle impact. Often unclear or overly specific requirements hamper the application of quality products which protect people and assets from attack. The certification process below shows how approved agencies, like SI’s TRU Compliance, play a role in testing, evaluating, and selecting products for use in critical physical security applications, rather than relying solely on the claims of the manufacturers. TRU’s certification program is the first of its kind to receive IAS Accreditation for the certification of physical security products.
https://www.structint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers-ASCE-Featured-Image.jpg363668Structural Integrityhttps://www.structint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/logo-name-4-930x191-1.pngStructural Integrity2021-08-13 14:38:512021-10-04 18:09:26Structural Design for Physical Security
By: Daniel Peters (SI) and Thomas Pastor (HSB Global Inspection & Engineering Services)
A recent news story reported:
Hydrogen initiatives are accelerating globally.
200+ large-scale projects have been announced across the value chain, with a total value exceeding $300 billion
30+ countries have national hydrogen strategies in place, and public funding is growing
Anyone who is following climate change issues and the expansion of the use of renewable energy would have seen the subject hydrogen popping up all over the place. Just do a Google search using the following words “hydrogen renewable energy climate change” and dozens of links will be displayed promoting the use of green or renewable hydrogen, made from the electrolysis of water powered by solar or wind, as indispensable in achieving climate neutrality.
https://www.structint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Whats-All-the-Buzz-About-Hydrogen-News-and-Views-Volume-50-POST.jpg363668Structural Integrityhttps://www.structint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/logo-name-4-930x191-1.pngStructural Integrity2021-07-01 15:28:352021-09-03 12:57:35News and Views, Volume 50 | What’s All the Buzz About Hydrogen!
The goal was to determine whether the frequency of current inspection requirements was justified or could be optimized (i.e., increase the interval of certain inspections to devote more attention to higher-value inspections and thereby maximize overall plant safety).
Executive Summary Welds and similar components in nuclear power plants are subjected to periodic examination under ASME Code, Section XI.Typically, examinations are performed during every ten-year inspection interval using volumetric examination techniques, or a combination of volumetric and surface examination techniques.Nuclear plants worldwide have performed numerous such inspections over plant history with few service induced flaws identified.
Soot blower erosion (SBE) is caused by mechanical removal of tube material due to the impingement on the tube wall of particles entrained in the “wet” blower steam. As the erosion becomes more severe, the tube wall thickness is reduced and eventually internal pressure causes the tube rupture.
Mechanism
SBE is due to the loss of tube material caused by the impingement of ash particles entrained in the blowing steam on the tube OD surface.In addition to the direct loss of material by the mechanical erosion, SBE also removes the protective fireside oxide. (Where the erosion only affects the protective oxide layer on the fireside surface, the damage is more properly characterized as erosion-corrosion.) Due to the parabolic nature of the oxidation process, the fireside oxidation rate of the freshly exposed metal is increased. The rate of damage caused by the steam is related to the velocity and physical properties of the ash, the velocity of the particles and the approach or impact angle. While the damage sustained by the tube is a function of its resistance to erosion, its composition, and its operating temperature, the properties of the impinging particles are more influential in determining the rate of wall loss.
Tubing in conventional boilers and heat-recovery steam generators (HRSGs) can be subject to various damage mechanisms.Under-deposit corrosion (UDC) mechanisms have wreaked havoc on conventional units for the past 40-50 years and have similarly worked their way into the more prevalent combined cycle facilities that employ HRSGs.Water chemistry, various operational transients, extended outage periods, etc. all play a detrimental role with regards to damage development (UDC, flow-accelerated corrosion, pitting, etc.).
Fabricated branch connections represent a common industry issue in combined cycle plants. Many are vulnerable to early damage development and have experienced failures.Despite these challenges, a well-engineered approach exists to ensure that the baseline condition is fully documented and a life management plan is put in place to help reduce the overall risk to personnel and to help improve plant reliability.
Fabricated branch connections between large bore pipes (including headers and manifolds) are often fabricated with a reinforced branch commonly in the form of a “catalogue” (standard size) fitting, such as an ‘o-let’. These are more prevalent in today’s combined cycle environment as compared to conventional units that used forged blocks or nozzles rather than welded-on, integrally reinforced pipe fittings. The fittings are typically thicker than the pipes in which they are installed to provide compensating reinforcement for the piping run penetration. Full reinforcement is often not achieved as the current Code requirements place all of the reinforcement on the branch side of the weld joint.As a result,higher sustained stresses are generated and, particularly in the case of creep strength enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels, early formation creep cracking in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) can occur (known as Type IV damage – see Figure 1). The well documented challenges of incorrect heat treatment of the o-let weld can also add to the likelihood of damage in CSEF components.Damage is therefore most likely to occur in fabricated branches that operate with temperatures in the creep range.
Installed sensors and continuous online monitoring are revolutionizing how power plants manage assets and risk by facilitating the transformation to condition-based maintenance routines. With access to near real-time data, condition assessments, and operating trends, operators have the opportunity to safely and intelligently reduce operations and maintenance costs and outage durations, maximize component lifecycles and uptime, and improve overall operating efficiency.
But not all data is created equal and determining what to monitor, where to monitor, selecting appropriate sensors, and determining data frequency are all critical decisions that impact data value. Furthermore, sensor procurement, installation services, data historian/storage, and data analysis are often provided by separate entities, which can lead to implementation challenges and disruptions to efficient data flow.
https://www.structint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/News-Views-Volume-49-Attemperator-Monitoring-with-Wireless-Sensors-Risk-and-Cost-Reduction-in-Real-Time-1.jpg363668Structural Integrityhttps://www.structint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/logo-name-4-930x191-1.pngStructural Integrity2021-04-20 12:09:442021-07-27 13:15:08News & Views, Volume 49 | Attemperator Monitoring with Wireless Sensors: Risk and Cost Reduction in Real Time
Our talented experts, using the latest technology and methods, deliver unmatched value, actionable information, and engineering knowledge for the management of your most critical assets.
Many of the penstocks used in the hydroelectric power industry have been in service for over 50 years.Often with older components, historical documents like, as-built drawings and proof of material composition no longer exist.This information is critical for inspection, repair and replacement decisions.SI has the expertise to assist hydro clients with everything from material verification, inspection, and fitness-for-service analysis to keep penstock assets in-service for many more years to come.
By: Scott Riccardella, Bruce Paskett, and Steven Biles
On October 1, 2019, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) published amendments to 49 CFR Parts 191 and 192 in the Federal Register, issuing Part 1 of the Gas Transmission Mega-Rule.This new regulation is commonly referred to as the Mega-Rule since it represents the most significant regulatory impact on gas transmission pipelines since the original Gas Transmission Integrity Management Program (TIMP) Regulation was issued in 2003
The original Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) issued in April, 2016 was split into 3 Parts, with the first Part (Mega-Rule 1) including specific requirements to address congressional mandates in the 2012 Pipeline Safety Reauthorization, and other pipeline safety improvements, including:
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) Reconfirmation (§192.624),
Material Verification (MV) (§192.607),
Engineering Critical Assessments for MAOP Reconfirmation (§192.632),
Analysis of Predicted Failure Pressure (§192.712),
Assessments Outside of High Consequence Areas (HCAs) (§192.710),
Additional Requirements to Evaluate Cyclic Fatigue (§192.917(e)(2)), and
Additional Analysis of Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) Seam Welds (§192.917(e)(4))
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The basic rules for providing optimum cycle chemistry control for HRSGs will be outlined. The latest statistics from over 100 HRSG plants worldwide will show how the lack of basic cycle chemistry controls leads to the major failure/damage mechanisms. The following two presentations will provide information on what is acceptable for the two top situations involving monitoring iron and continuous instrumentation.
By: Wendy Weiss
By: Jason Ven Velsor, Roger Royer, and Ben Ruchte
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By: Jason Van Velsor and Jeff Milligan
By: Scott Riccardella, Bruce Paskett, and Steven Biles